Dear Red Madonna Sisters of the Waxing Moon – The Virgin of Guadalupe’s mystery deepens as
the seasons do. Days shorten, light is
crisper, afternoons still heat up under a penetrating sun, and the nights yawn
into frost as we take refuge in bright constellations and hot tea. A growing crescent moon hangs like a tin
ornament from the draped velvet indigo of the nocturnal autumn sky. October
tips us towards the dead, with marigolds shooting up orange heads in garden
corners, guavas tumbling from overstocked market stands, and grinning sugar
skulls staring from grocery store counters, all in preparation for the massive
festivities that mark the Days of the Dead on Nov. 1 and 2 in Mexico. The
season practically reeks of mystery. The
heavy sweet white smoke of copal resin wafts through homes and streets,
purifying and cleansing, as if smoke alone were to thank for the mysterious
opening and closing of whatever portals and veils the spirits move through from
one dimension to another. The invisible becomes palpable, not through some
newfound sight, but through a simple faith that we are not alone, that nobody
is ever lost, and that love is eternal.
Many years ago, I attended a seminar called “Art and Shamanism”
taught by Franciscan friar and iconographer, Robert Lentz. I had long admired his work (and I encourage
you to check it out), and was struck by the seeming paradox of a monk teaching
a class on shamanism, but learning about his life story shed light on how the
depth of his calling as an artist had illuminated his spiritual understanding
far beyond typical church doctrine. From
the beginning of the seminar, Brother Lentz referred to God as “The Mystery.”
There was something about naming God “the Mystery” that really resonated with
me. It immediately deactivated any cultural programming around who we think God
is, it wiped away any image of God as white bearded male, it removed any notion
of God as either judgmental or benevolent, it even removed God from the realm
of duality altogether, and it made God who God should be – a Mystery. In his
discussion of the Mystery, Brother Lentz likened the artistic process to that
of the shamanic process. Both the shaman and the artist work on behalf of their
community, know how to open portals and move into the world of the unmanifest
in which they “wrestle with the Mystery” in order to gather information and
gain understanding, bringing it back through the portal into physical reality
and giving it form, as a healing or ceremony, in the case of a shaman, or as a
work of art, in the case of an artist. The idea of wrestling with the Mystery
seems to pretty much sum up living life, whether you’re a shaman or an artist
or any human being.
As we walk through the portals into the Mystery to bring
back understanding and convert it into form for the sake of healing in the community,
we learn directly from the Mystery how to move through fear and into a greater
experience of faith. In the story of the Virgin of Guadalupe, Juan Diego finds
himself in this learning situation, in which he confronts the Mystery,
represented by the Mother, and through his interaction with Her is confronted
with his own fears, doubts and insecurities, and is given the opportunity to
“wrestle” with the Mystery as he attempts to complete his mission. As he deals
with the Bishop and other figures in the story representing the voices in his
own head, the critic, the judge, the liar, Juan Diego comes to a place of peace
and understanding with the Mystery. He arrives at his own faith. And he brings his understanding (represented
by the roses he gathers on the hilltop) back through the portal and gives it
form. The sacred image of the Virgin on his tilma is that form, something he
can share with his community for the benefit of all.
As we contemplate the sacred image of the Virgin of
Guadalupe, we acknowledge that every aspect of Her is an emanation of the
Mystery. She is a messenger from the Mystery come through the portal from the
realm of pure divine possibility and given form here in our physical human
world. Everything we’ve been talking about these past 9 months in the context
of the Virgin’s story and image are both the signposts of our journey from fear
to faith as well as a manifestation of the Mystery in our reality. For many,
the Virgin of Guadalupe represents the mysterious woman from Revelations 12:1,
which declares: “A great sign appeared in heaven: a woman clothed with the sun,
with the moon under her feet…” We see in the sacred image the rays of sun
beaming out from behind Her form, as if She has just emerged from the portal of
the Mystery and the Divine Light has followed Her through into the world, as if
clinging to Her garment and trickling into the mundane of our experience. Beneath
Her feet, which follow the dance steps of the ancient indigenous tradition of
stomping prayers into the Earth, we see a dark crescent moon sustaining Her.
The moon under Her feet is one of the biggest mysteries of
the entire sacred image to me. There are
so many versions, often conflicting, about what it means symbolically. One thing that is fact is that in the year
1531, the new moon fell on December 8th, and first quarter waxing moon was on
December 16th, so the days of December 9 – 12, the dates when the Virgin of
Guadalupe appeared to Juan Diego that year, would have been the nights of the
waxing crescent moon. In the winter months, the waxing crescent moon would have
been lit from below due to the tilt of the earth, so the moon would have
appeared like a thin sliver of a crescent moon laying on its back with the
appearance of horns pointing up, just as the moon is beneath Her feet in the
sacred image.
If we return for a moment to Revelations 12:1, to the great
sign in which a woman appeared from heaven clothed with the sun, with the moon
under her feet, if we dig deep enough, one prominent interpretation of the
woman who appears in Revelations is that She represents Israel (with Israel
being the “embodiment” of God’s law/Torah), and that the line “a woman clothed
with the sun, with the moon under her feet and a crown of twelve stars on her
head” represents Israel’s “first family” – the sun is Jacob, the moon is
Rachel, and the twelve stars are Jacob’s sons.
However, many interpretations of the crescent moon beneath
Guadalupe’s feet based in Catholic church tradition focus on the moon as
representing evil, in much the same way the image of Mary crushing the serpent
beneath Her feet did. For some, the
horn-like points of the crescent moon refer to the horns of the devil. These
types of beliefs are reinforced by the dark or black color of the moon. There
is some evidence supposedly that the moon was actually originally silver but
has faded to black or oxidized over time – of course proponents of this
apparent evidence mention it in an effort to disprove that the image is
miraculous or divinely created, instead looking for signs of a fallible
creation by human hands. No matter what the original color, there is reference
after reference to the dark moon under Guadalupe symbolizing Her defeat over
indigenous Aztec deities such Quetzalcoatl, the Moon god Tecciztecatl, Lunar
deity Metztli, or Moon goddess Coyolxauhqui, or Her vanquishing of Satan and
the devil in general, making all things feminine and/or indigenous out to be
evil. The moon accentuates the Virgin’s
immaculate purity by contrast as She rises above its baseness and its
“black”sin.
There are stories related to the black crescent moon that go
all the way back to the original Virgin of Guadalupe in Extremadura,
Spain. It is said that the original
figure of Her was carved by none other than St. Luke and taken to Extremadura
where it resided for centuries before the Muslims invaded Spain in 711 A.D.,
conquering the land and converting churches into mosques. The figure was hidden
by Her faithful near the Lupe (wolf) River, which the Muslims referred to as a
wadi (oasis) – hence the name Wadi Lupe – Guadalupe. She remained hidden during
centuries of fighting between Catholics and Muslims, passing into folklore,
until a shepherd had a vision of Her in the year 1326 A.D. showing him where
the figure was hidden. The shepherd told the bishop, who send a team of priests
to dig Her up, followed immediately by miraculous events and happenings. In fact, Her rediscovery and development of
Her new sanctuary into a major pilgrimage site gave rise to new impetus for the
Spanish to fight back against their Muslim invaders. Muslim dominion of Spanish
lands came to an end in 1492 A.D., with kings and leaders giving thanks
primarily to the Virgin of Guadalupe for what came to be called the
“Reconquista.” A major symbol of Islam, and one that has flown on the flags of
Muslim armies throughout time, is a crescent moon, hence the interpretation of the
moon under Guadalupe’s feet as Her defeat of Islam and the eviction of Muslims
from Spain. Coincidentally (or not), Bishop Juan de Zumarraga, the bishop who
received the tilma with the sacred image from Juan Diego in Mexico, began his
priestly life as a monk in the Sanctuary of Guadalupe in Extremadura, so he
would have recognized the story and the visual symbolism from that point of
view. 
It is perhaps difficult to understand how the Spanish, who
had lived in a conquered land for centuries in their battles of the
Reconquista, who upon finally gaining their land back, turned around and began
the Conquista of the New World. I imagine it as a vicious cycle in which the
abused become the abusers, the oppressed become the oppressors. The iconography
that defined the Reconquista was that of a heroic saintly figure defeating the
Muslims, or the Moors, known as Santiago Matamoros (St. James, the Muslim
killer), and was transferred directly to the iconography of the conquest of
Mexico and American lands – he became known as Santiago Mataindios (Indian
killer), and was portrayed in the same way crushing and trampling indigenous
people instead of Moors. A portrayal of
Santiago killing and dismembering Aztec Jaguar and Eagle knights was hung in
Tlatelolco, the very church where Juan Diego went to “be counted at mass” and
to convince the Bishop of the truth of his mission. Bizarrely, to this day,
Mexican village patron saint festivals include an elaborately colorful 5 hour
long theatrical dance called “Los Santiagos” portraying the battle between the
Catholics and the Moors, obviously a “teaching tool” the Spanish brought from
their country as they forced conversion upon the native people. The dance is
finished when the Christians have “slain” all the Moors and driven them
out. The dancers representing the Moors
often wear capes with “evil” pre-Hispanic deities, eagle knights and jaguar
knights on them, everyone apparently unaware of the implications this dance has
for their own roots and ancestral history.
Such is the somnolence and amnesia of colonial religious and cultural
brainwashing.
As we have seen in the Mystery that is the Virgin of
Guadalupe, two or more conflicting stories can exist within Her, with the
believers of one story not having the slightest notion that another story
exists right in plain sight. Part of Her
mystery seems to be the ability to make everybody happy so they stop killing
each other. The crescent moon under Her
feet is one such story. The indigenous
worshippers would have undoubtedly seen the moon as a symbol of the divine
feminine. The Aztec (Mexica) named the giant pyramids they found at the ruins
of Teotihuacan after their most important deities – the Sun and the Moon, with
the pyramid of the Moon occupying the main focal point of the primary
ceremonial Avenue that runs from South to North as a central axis through the
entire city. The moon was of utmost importance and she was a She – feminine. The waxing moon is a symbol of growing
feminine consciousness, but also of growth in general, fertility, and
abundance. Across cultures and throughout time, the horned points of the
crescent moon have been likened to the connection of the uterus to the ovaries
via the upward curving fallopian tubes, again tying the moon to the fertile
female and the fertile land, Mother Earth, and all things that germinate, grow,
and give birth. The dark black color is a symbol of feminine mystery, the
underworld, that rich dark place of incubation and growth in the womb of the
underworld from which all creation arises. Together with the light of the sun,
it is a symbol of balance, of union in duality, of Ometeotl.
The name Mexico actually derives from the moon. Mexico means
“In the Navel of the Moon,” or “In the Center of the Moon.” “Me” is from Metztli (Moon), “xi” is from
Xictli (Navel), and “co” means place – merge them together and you have
“Mexico.” When you think of the way the
Virgin of Guadalupe is standing in the center of the waxing crescent moon,
dancing Her prayers into it, it becomes evident that She is praying for the
land from which She arose, and that the land supports Her just as She sustains
the land. There are rich pre-Hispanic myths about Metztli. In one, the deity
Teccitztecatl sacrifices himself to end an eternal primordial darkness, but is
so scared of fire that instead of becoming the sunlike daylight he had
intended, he turns into Metztli instead and illuminates the night as the moon,
a cool reflection of the sun’s fire that had frightened him so. He becomes a feminine deity in the form of
Metztli, goddess of the night. What does
a story where day becomes night and male becomes female teach us? It teaches us that the natural order of
things is balance and Ometeotl, duality in union. The goddess Metztli is one of
the most important deities in the Otomi culture, represented as a vessel
enclosed by a black crescent and containing a rabbit, a common symbol for lunar
myths both in Mexico and around the world. Ancient peoples observed not only
the appearance of a rabbit-like shape on the face of the full moon, but also
that the voluminously fertile reproduction cycle of rabbits aptly symbolized
the fact that women ovulated in perfect timing with the full moon (back in the
days before artificial lighting tampered with natural female cycles).
In conclusion, I offer you a quote by Diane Ackerman: “It
began in mystery, and it will end in mystery, but what a savage and beautiful
country lies in between.” As you
wrestle with the Mystery and move across the landscape of fear and faith, where
do you find beauty? Where do you find balance? Perhaps you find yourself in awe
of the Mystery as you look up at the sky and notice the stars sparkling in the
night, the crisp crescent of the moon pointing its horned tips toward heaven,
sustaining the weight of all that Mother energy as She emerges from the portal
of Light into our savage and beautiful world.
Image #1: Ofrenda for Days of the Dead, photo Emily K.
Grieves
Image #2: Christ Sophia, by Roberto Lentz, O.F.M.
Image #3: Virgin Mary, “A Woman clothed in the sun, with the
moon beneath her feet”
Image #4: Waxing crescent moon, winter months
Image #5: Rachel and Jacob meet at the well, by William
Dyke, Scottish, mid 19th century
Image #6: The Virgin of Guadalupe, Extremadura, Spain
Image #7: Santiago Matamoros, image from the Reconquista
Image #8: Santiago Mataindios, image from the Conquista,
Tlatelolco, Miguel Mauricio, 17th century
Image #9: View of the Pyramid of the Moon and the Avenue of the Dead, photo by Emily Grieves
Image #10: Metztli, from the Otomi tradition, Codex Borgia
Image #11: The Virgin of Guadalupe, acrylic on canvas, 2014, Emily K. Grieves
Image #12: Oil pastel on amate bark paper, by Emily K. Grieves
READERS: PLEASE NOTE! THIS POST IS PART OF A YEARLONG PROGRAM CALLED RED MADONNA FOR WHICH I WRITE A MONTHLY POST OF TEACHINGS ABOUT THE VIRGIN OF GUADALUPE. I AM POSTING THIS MONTH'S TEACHINGS ON MY PERSONAL SITE BECAUSE THE CLASSROOM SITE IS DOWN. APOLOGIES FOR ANY CONFUSION THSI MAY CAUSE FOR READERS WHO ARE NOT PARTICIPATING IN THE CLASS. I WILL REMOVE THE POST ONCE THE CLASSROOM SITE IS BACK UP AND RUNNING. THANKS FOR UNDERSTANDING!
